Biography

George Rickey’s works, graceful stainless steel structures, some of enormous proportions, which are composed of strictly geometric shapes, are surprisingly lively in their idiosyncratic movement and seem to defy the laws of gravity – an effect that Rickey achieved by shifting their balance point using weights. These sculptures, which initially seem purely technical, find their inspiration in nature and, above all, move in this extremely fluently and naturally.

George Rickey was an American sculptor who grew up in Scotland and studied history at Oxford followed by art in Paris. After travelling through Europe he returned to America and worked as a teacher. After a period with the military, he went on to renew his art studies at several universities after which he then went on to teach at a number of diverse institutions. His work is strongly influenced by David Smith and Alexander Calder’s sculptures.

From 1950 Rickey dedicated himself solely to sculpture and became one of the most important exponents and theorists of kinetic art. Most of his metal sculptures and mobiles were created at his studio in New York. In 1968 and 1969 he was a scholar with the DAAD in Berlin. His last years were predominantly spent in California.

Rickey took part in documenta 3, 4 and 6. His freestanding sculptures can be seen in public spaces around the world. Through minimalism and lightness many of his works unite the laws of nature with the clear forcefulness of art.

Works

Exhibitions

News

Documents

Publications

1907 Born June 6 in South Bend, Indiana, the son of a mechanical engineer

1913 Relocation to Helensburgh, Scotland

1926 Graduates from Trinity College, Glenalmond and begins his studies of modern History at Balliol College, Oxford, England

1928–1929 Trips to Heidelberg and Paris. Graduates from Balliol College and begins studying modern drawing at the Académie Lhote and the Académie Moderne, Paris, France

1933–1935 Moves to New York. First solo exhibition of paintings at Caz-Delbo Gallery. Rickey’s father, Walter Rickey, dies. First solo museum exhibition at the Denver Art Museum, Colorado. He marries his first wife Susan Luhrs at New York’s Riverside Church

1939–1941 The marriage with Susan Luhrs ends. Travels to Mexico together with Ulfert Wilke (1907–1987) and in 1941 with his sister Alison. Acquaintance with Lyonel Feininger (1871–1956)

1942–1947 Rickey creates his first kinetic sculpture. He begins his studies at the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University, US. Marries Edith (Edie) Leighton in New York in 1947

1951 Rickey participates among others in group exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. He will exhibit seven more times at the Whitney Museum of American Art

1953-1955 Birth of his son Stuart Ross Rickey. First solo exhibition of kinetic sculptures at the John Herron School of Art Museum, Indianapolis

1957 First European exhibition at Amerika Haus in Hamburg, Germany

1959–1961 Rickey’s second son, Philip Leighton Rickey, is born in New Orleans. The family moves to Hand Hollow, East Chatham in New York. In 1960 he receives his first Guggenheim Fellowship, which is renewed the following year. His lifelong collaboration with Roland Hummel, professor of engineering at the School of Architecture, begins

1963–1966 Visits Naum Gabo (1890–1977) and Josef Albers (1888–1976) in Connecticut. Publishes his essay “The Morphology and Movement” in the Art Journal. Important exhibitions in London, Hamburg, New York, Berlin, Amsterdam, Venice, Tel Aviv, Paris and Bern, among others. The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Modern Art, New York and the Hirschhorn Museum, Washington acquire works by Rickey. He takes part in documenta III in Kassel for the first time in 1964 (He will also participate in documenta IV and VII)

1968–1969 He receives a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst „DAAD”). Rickey then rents a studio in West-Berlin and commutes between West-Berlin and East Chatham

1970–1979 He travels to more than a dozen countries, receives the Fine Arts Award of the American Institute of Architects and is elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Rickey is awarded ten honorary doctorates by the end of his life

1980–1990 Founding of the Hand Hollow Foundation. Seth Schneidman makes the documentary “George Rickey-Portrait of an Artist” (later renamed “The Moving World of George Rickey”) in collaboration with Rickey. Experiences the fall of the Berlin Wall

1994–1995 Establishes the George Rickey Foundation. He receives the Gold Medal for Sculpture from the American Academy of Arts and Letters

2001–2002 With his health failing he moves to St. Paul, Minnesota. George Rickey dies on July 17, 2002, in St. Paul

Solo Exhibitions (Selection)

2022

Naumkeag House & Gardens, Stockbridge, MA, US

Axel Vervoordt Antwerp, Antwerpen/Antwerp, BE

2021

The Kasmin Sculpture Garden New York, NY, US

Kasmin Gallery in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Skulpturenausschuss des/in conjunction with the Fund for Park Avenue und/and NYC Parks’ Art in the Parks, New York, NY, US

2018

Marlborough Gallery, New York, NY, US

2017

Marlborough Fine Arts, London, UK

2016

Marlborough Gallery, New York, NY, US

Samuel Vanhoegaerden Gallery, Knokke, BE

2015

Galería Marlborough, Barcelona, SP

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

2013

Marlborough Gallery, New York, NY, US

2011

Galerie Michael Haas, Berlin, GER

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

Galerie Miro, Prag/Prague, CZ

2010

Marlborough Gallery, New York, NY, US

LongHouse Reserve, East Hampton, NY, US

2009

Arts Council, Cultural Development Commission and the City of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, US

Indianapolis Art Center, Indianapolis, IN, US

South Bend Museum of Art, South Bend, IN, US

2008

Marlborough Gallery, New York, NY, US

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

2007

Vero Beach Museum of Art, Vero Beach, FL, US

Frederic Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, MI, US

McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, TX, US

2006

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

2004

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

University Art Museum, Santa Barbara, CA, US

2003

Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, DE

Galerie Brockstedt, Hamburg, DE

2002

Airbus, Hamburg, DE

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

Scott White Contemporary Art, San Diego, CA, US

2001

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

2000

Gallery Kasahara, Tokio/Tokyo, JPN

Soma Gallery, La Jolla, CA, US

1999

Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL, US

1998

Veranneman Foundation, Kruishoutem, BE

1997

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

Carl Schlosberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles, CA, US

Galerie Dr. István Schlégl, Zürich, CH

Städtische Kunstsammlungen Chemnitz, Chemnitz, GER

The Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame, IN, US

1995

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

1994

Galerie Utermann und Harenberg Verlag, Dortmund, GER

The Century Association, New York, NY, US

1993

Philharmonic Center for the Arts, Naples, FL, US

Art Museum, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, US

Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, US

Gallery Kasahara, Osaka, JPN

1992

Carl Schlosberg Fine Arts, Sherman Oaks, CA, US

Berlinische Galerie, Berlin, GER

Tony Birckhead Gallery, Cincinnati, OH, US

1991

Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, NY, US

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

1990

Galerie Utermann, Dortmund, GER

Thomas Segal Gallery, Boston, MA, US

Inkfish Gallery, Denver, CO, US

Ausbildungszentrum Wolfsberg, Ermitagen, CH

1989

John Berggruen Gallery, San Francisco, CA, US

Marianne Friedland Gallery, Toronto, CAN

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, NL

Gallery Kasahara, Osaka, JPN

1988

Moderne Stadt, Köln/Cologne, GER

Veranneman Foundation, Kruishoutem, BE

The Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, MA, US

1987

Carl Schlosberg Fine Arts, Sherman Oaks, CA, US

Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, GER

Galerie Pels Leusden, Berlin, GER

Galerie Schöller, Düsseldorf, GER

The Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College, State University of New York, Purchase, NY, US

1986

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

1985

South Bend Museum of Art, Indiana University, South Bend, IN, US

St. Mary’s College, Moraga, CA, US

Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, US

1984

Galerie Schöller, Düsseldorf, GER

Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin, GER

Josef Albers Museum, Bottrop, GER

Inkfish Gallery, Denver, CO, US

1983

Stadtmuseum, Düsseldorf, GER

Galerie Lauter, Mannheim, GER

Galerie Schöller, Düsseldorf, GER

Makler Gallery, Philadelphia, PA, US

1982

Custom House Quay, St. Enoch Exhibition Centre and Carlton Place, Glasgow, UK

Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield, UK

Art Gallery, Newcomb College, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, US

John Berggruen Gallery, San Francisco, CA, US

1981

Gimpel & Hanover Galerie und/and André Emmerich Galerie, Zürich/Zurich, CH

Musée d’Art Contemporain, Montréal, CAN

Carl Schlosberg Fine Arts, Sherman Oaks, CA, US

1980

Makler Gallery, Philadelphia, PA, US

Maxwell Davidson Gallery, New York, NY, US

Wenger Gallery, San Diego, CA, US

1979

Amerika Haus, Berlin, GER

Galerie Skulima, Berlin, GER

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY, US

1978

Gimpel & Hanover Galerie, Zürich/Zurich, CH

Gallery Kasahara, Osaka, JPN

Galerie Godula Buchholz, München/Munich, GER

1977

Städtische Galerie im Städelschen Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main, GER

Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, New York, NY, US

Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, MA, US

Makler Gallery, Philadelphia, PA, US

1976

Kunsthalle der Stadt Bielefeld, Bielefeld, GER

1975

Fordham University Plaza at Lincoln Center und/and Staempfli Gallery, New York, NY, US

CSR Gallery, New York, NY, US

Gimpel & Hanover Galerie, Zürich/Zurich, CH

1974

Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, US

Galerie Espace, Amsterdam, NL

1973

Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, GER

Nationalgalerie, Berlin, GER

Galerie Buchholz, München/Munich, GER

1972

Museum of Art, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US

1971

University of California, Art Council and Art Galleries, Los Angeles, CA, US

Palm Springs Desert Museum, Palm Springs, CA, US

Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, KS, US

Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery (heute/today Sheldon Museum of Art), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, US

The Arts Club of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US

The Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO, US

The San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, CA, US

1970

Whatcom Museum of History and Art, Bellingham, DC, US

Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, Seattle, DC, US

1969

Haus am Waldsee, Berlin, GER

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, NL

Kunstverein München, München/Munich, GER

1968

Fort Wayne Museum of Art, Fort Wayne, IN, US

1967

Staempfli Gallery, New York, NY, US

Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN, US

1966

The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, US

Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, US

1964

Staempfli Gallery, New York, NY, US

Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA, US

1963

Berkshire Art Center, Pittsfield, MA, US

Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago, IL, US

Hopkins Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, US

Williams College Museum, Williamstown, MA, US

1962

Galerie Springer, Berlin, GER

Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf, GER

Primus-Stuart Galleries, Los Angeles, CA, US

Galerie Anna Roepcke, Wiesbaden, GER

1961

Kraushaar Gallery, New York, NY, US

Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ, US

Museum of Art, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US

1960

Orleans Gallery, New Orleans, LA, US

Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA, US

1956

Isaac Delgado Museum of Art (heute/today New Orleans Museum of Art), New Orleans, LA, US

1955

Kraushaar Gallery, New York, NY, US

1953

John Herron Art Museum, Indianapolis, IN, US

The Little Gallery, Louisville, KY, US

1950

Associated American Artists, Chicago, IL, US

1935

Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO, US

1933

Caz-Delbo Gallery, New York, NY, US

Enquiry